Conflict Resolution in the Health Sector - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1883 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Conflict Resolution Essay Did you like this example?   Conflict Resolution in the Health Sector Conflicts in the health care sector can arise among the medical practitioners themselves, the medical practitioners and the patients, the practitioners and the management or the management and the subordinate workers. These conflicts vary from minor issues to major problems, and the sooner these conflicts are addressed, the better. Conflicts management is essential because these conflicts waste a lot of valuable time and strain working relations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Conflict Resolution in the Health Sector" essay for you Create order Failing to resolve these conflicts have dire consequences on the outcome of the health services and prolonging these conflicts might lead to neglecting the patients health, poor working relations and depressing the health care subordinate staff (Leon et al., 2016). These conflicts also put the lives of many patients at stake because there is no coordination of the stakeholders of the health sector. For efficient functioning and running of the health care, it is to solve these conflicts on time before things get out of hand. Some ways of conflict resolutions may include litigation that is, following the legal procedures to settle the disputes in health care. Other forms of solving disputes in the health sector include using restorative justice, or mediation of the conflicting parties. Internal conflicts can be settled by organizing open forums between the management and the stuff, in case of a dispute between the two parties.   Litigation One of the methods of resolving conflicts in the health sector is through litigation. This is following the legal procedures, which includes hiring lawyers to represent the two parties in a court of law. Litigation involves hiring a health lawyer to defend the parties at conflict. The plaintiff, that is, the offended party, who may be the practitioners or the support staff file a lawsuit against the defendant, who, in this case, may be the management of the health institution or the medical practitioner. The case is presented before the court of law whereby after hearing both sides of the story, the court makes a ruling and justice is served. Some of the main conflicts in the health sector that are solved by litigation include grave medical errors such as errors in the Intensive Care Unit, risking the safety of the patient. Other issues that lead to conflict that are solved by initiating a lawsuit include late payment of the workers wages and salaries, poor working conditions of the health workers and settling of the medical bills by patients. However, litigation is usually costly as the and time consuming as a hearing takes days and weeks, besides before a decision is made, the court of law requires a lot of time to gather enough evidence and proof. However, litigation is suitable for solving complicated health cases which cannot be settled by simple dispute resolution methods like Litigation is ideal for handling a conflict where the other party, which may include the patient, the doctor or the staff workers feel that their interests have been violated. Furthermore, legal ways of solving conflicts in the health sector are safe and more satisfactory as it involves listening to both sides of the story before making a tentative conclusion. Restorative justice Another means of conflict resolution in the health sector includes restorative justice. Restorative justice is a method of settling down differences whereby justice is rewarded by restoring broken relationships, and the offending party compensates for the loss. Restorative justice, in solving health care related conflicts, seeks to ensure that each party is satisfied and a peaceful consensus has been reached. Restorative justice satisfies the mental and emotional interests of the offended party by ensuring the contentment of the victim. Restorative justice heals the negative energy and pain that the offended party in the conflict, which in this case may be any stakeholder in the health sector, for example, the support staff, has experienced. The therapeutic method of settling differences in the medical sector is efficient as it ensures the offender apologizes to the victim for the damage caused, and the punishment for the offending party is meaningful in changing the outlook of the o ffender towards life. For instance, when a medical practitioner offends a patient, and a conflict arises, the patient would only be comfortable after opening up to the doctor, surgeon or nurse regarding how their actions affected her life after that reconcile after the offender sympathizing with the victim and compensating for the damage caused. Apart from that, this manner of addressing conflicts in the health sector is healthy, slows down anxiety and is very convenient and for permanent solutions in ending the strife between the stakeholders of the health sector. This restorative justice system in settling disputes linked with the health sector is efficient in solving conflicts such as severe medical errors and sexual violence.   Peaceful methods Peaceful means such as arbitration and mediation is as well, suitable as a solution to conflicts in the health care sector. Reconciliation is a preferred way of resolving conflicts between the practitioner and the patients, the patients and the management, the doctors and the management and the management and the subordinate staff. This is because it requires the involvement of the third party which is the neutral party who listens to both sides of the story and helps in reaching an agreement that is free from bias and prejudice. Mediation is not costly because the only requirement is the final agreement of the two parties that are not in good terms. Intervention can be formal by meeting up with the two parties or informal as by telephone.   Mediation Mediation is efficient as it ensures the privacy of the parties in conflict and preserves the dignity and esteem of the patient, the doctor, or the management. Intervention does not waste time, because it involves direct interaction of the offended and the victim and does not require time to look for proof, witnesses and evidence. Mediation enhances forgiveness. However, mediation cannot solve very major problems in the health sector like for instance where the life of an individual is at stake. Both parties enjoy the freedom of expression, and explain their dissatisfaction; this heals the pain the victim has experienced undergone (Litchfield et al., 2018). Arbitration is as suitable as mediation in restoring relations in the health care sector. Arbitration ensures that there is proper communication between the management of the health institutions and the doctors, the support staff. As the two parties that conflict shares their experiences face to face, this enhances communication, and it is easier to persuade both the offender and the victim to come to terms, and the outcomes may be that these parties learn how to communicate more effectively. Moreover, through mediation, the mediator might get omitted information that is necessary for the peaceful solving of conflicts. Some of the problems leading to conflicts solved by mediation are poor communication and poor working conditions   Opening public forums and discussions Another method of resolving disputes through open public forums and discussions. Open forums are very useful if the conflict is between two parties, for instance, the management and the oppressed party, which may be the support staff workers regarding issues facing them in their place of work. The management organizes for a forum such as staff meeting which is chaired by the senior stakeholders in the health sector, and the members present are given a chance to air out their problems. Afterward, an agreement is reached to ensure involvement of all and to avert significant issues, such as workers strike which risk the lives of patients (Almost et al., 2016). Through open forums in a public meeting, a good number of participants are included in the conflict resolution process of challenges the health care sector.   In addition to that, public meetings are essential in preventing the reoccurrence of disputes in the healthcare system, and everyone is a participant in restoring a sense of understanding and peace. Sessions may involve a large group or a small group, for the conflict resulting in differences between the medical team to be addressed. These open dialogues do not follow any procedure or any set time limit, instead, gives each one an opportunity to state their concern regarding their interests while at work. Smaller meetings can also be held in that focus on creating a platform to express ones ideas and is enhanced. The demerit of this method of settling disputes within the health sector is that it can lead to division hence making the conflict more serious straining friendship and work relations as it is difficult to give a solution that will satisfy everyone. Use of dialogue is very efficient in providing a permanent solution in addressing health care problems that include late paymen t of health workers wages, unemployed trained medical practitioner. In the case of our health workers strike, this is the most suitable way of solving such a conflict. Dialogue is thus very crucial in resolving disputes such as the crisis in the whole sector and rebuilding trust between the doctors and the patients or the doctors and the management. Setting codes of standards Conflicts in the health care sector can also be solved by setting codes of standards that deal with finding a solution to strained relations at the workplace. These codes of behavior are   meant to guide the doctors and the health workers on how to behave and relate to one another. This solution is preventive of a possibility of a crisis emerging as the health workers, and the staff workers have a set code of standards which dictates how one ought to carry themselves as the one mandated to care for the health. There are also institutions that are responsible for handling those who fail to abide by the law and punish those who commit crimes. These ethical values are essential in interacting in the health sector as doctors, as nurses and as workers (Day, 2015). For any conflict that one causes as a result of their actions, he or she faces the consequence, and they receive individual outcome. Although most medical practitioners have knowledge and skills to treat illnesses, they lack p roper communication skills in settling disputes. Therefore, it is essential for the medical practitioners and every stakeholder in the medical fraternity to get trained in skills concerning problem-solving to know how to settle these challenges when the need arises. Conclusion In day to day experiences, conflicts do arise when interacting with others, and this may be in our places of work. Examples of disputes in the health sector include poor working conditions, sexual violence, and failure to pay the workers their salary. It is necessary to fix these loopholes before these challenges grow and get out of hand leading to a crisis   the first and most accessible means of resolving these conflicts in the health sector. Mediation is very peaceful and efficient regarding cost saving and time management. Restorative justice is fundamental too in restoring broken trusts and relationships. In addition to these, dialogue and public meetings are equally useful tools in expressing ones dissatisfactions and grievances and are very quick in giving solutions to challenges in the health sector. Setting, codes, ethics, and standards will guide all stakeholders in the medical sector in giving in their best. Conflict resolution in the health sector, therefore, will reduc e the breakdown of the workforce and help in building the morale of the medical fraternity.

Keeping the Past Alive in in A Rose for Emily by William...

Miss Emily Grierson, the leading character in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, is a bizarre woman to say the least. Faulkner begins this story with Miss Emily’s funeral, and continues to tell about the interesting events in her life. All throughout the story, Miss Emily exhibits many traits of a mentally ill person, but is never medically diagnosed. Faulkner writes, â€Å"Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care† (245), meaning that she stuck to her Southern-raised ways. She refused to conform to the modernization of the world around her. The narrator of this story seems to be a person that knows Miss Emily and her family very intimately. The narrator also considers themselves apart of the townspeople referred to as the â€Å"we† throughout the story. This story tells about the ups and downs in the extremely intriguing life of a woman that refuses to leave her past. After her death, the â€Å"whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house† (Faulkner 244). No one had been into her home in at least a decade except for the workers. Faulkner uses imagery to describe the â€Å"big, squarish framed house that had once been white† (244). Miss Emily came from a wealthy family during the Antebellum Era, and her house appears to not have been touched up since then. Miss Emily was not one to accept to charity by any means. After the death of her father, Colonel Sartoris â€Å"remittedShow MoreRelated Tradition in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily and Shirley Jacksons The Lottery656 Words   |  3 PagesTradition in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily and Shirley Jacksons The Lottery People throughout the world do things for many different reasons. Religion, peer pressure, or tradition are some of the reasons the people do things. In the U.S. we have many traditions such as Christmas. Some people have strange or out of the ordinary traditions. The two short stories ?The Lottery? and ?A Rose for Emily? both portray tradition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In ?The Lottery?, tradition is showed in three main waysRead MoreTheme Of Humanity In A Rose For Emily1036 Words   |  5 Pagesstoryline of , â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† written by William Faulkner. The idea of tragedy is continuously foreshadowed as Faulkner presents two visions of the story (past and present) in order to create suspense and keep the readers anticipated. Initially, the idea of tragedy is foreshadowed when the author states the reason why the townspeople went to the funeral: â€Å"the women mostly out of curiosity [went only] to see the inside of [Emily’s] house...which no one had seen in years,† (Faulkner 803). This impliedRead MoreA Closer Look At William Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1384 Words   |  6 PagesCloser Look at William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† There have been many short stories written about life during the Reconstruction era after the civil war. Some stories, even though they are fictitious, are based upon and often mirror actual events that have taken place. The most relevant stories tell of lives and families that have been separated due to war, and how the remnants were left the task of rebuilding. As towns changed, people were somewhat reluctant to let go of past beliefs and whatRead MoreA Rose for Emily Discuss Characterization in a Short Story Given.1318 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment 1 Discuss characterization in a short story given. A Rose for Emily By William Faulkner Characterization refers to the techniques a writer uses to develop characters in the story. In the story ‘A Rose for Emily’, William Faulkner uses characterization to reveal the character of Miss Emily Grierson, the main role. Faulkner’s use of language foreshadows and builds up to the climax of the story. He expresses the content of her character through physical descriptions, throughRead MoreA Rose for Emily by William Faulkner719 Words   |  3 Pagesto the surface. The new movement was called Southern Gothic. William Faulkner was a Southern Gothic writer who wrote â€Å"A Rose for Emily. Southern Gothic writers focused on depicting southern life in the United States after the Civil War by using grotesque themes, imagery, and symbolism. A major theme in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is traditions versus change. Faulkner uses Emily, the main character in his narrative, to convey the fight that Emily put up for trying to preserve customs in the face of widespreadRead More A Haunting Past in Faulkners A Rose of Emily Essay1131 Words   |  5 PagesA Haunting Past In William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Miss Emily Grierson holds on to the past with a grip of death. Miss Emily seems to reside in her own world, untarnished by the present time around her, maintaining her homestead as it was when her father was alive. Miss Emily’s father, the manservant, the townspeople, and even the house she lives in, shows that she remains stuck in the past incapable and perhaps reluctant to face the present. At the beginning of the story,Read MoreCompare A P And A Rose For Emily1667 Words   |  7 PagesAP + A Rose for Emily AP by John Updike and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner are two short stories which reveal to be different, odd and even bizarre in several aspects; conversely, on the other hand, they are very similar. One similarity for John Updike, William Faulkner and many other authors, is being that they follow the three-act structure, which helps to write their story more effectively. Furthermore, in analyzing AP and A Rose for Emily, we see that both share an â€Å"overarching† theme;Read MoreA Rose for Emily 171080 Words   |  5 PagesA Rose for Emily A Rose for Emily is a story that deals with a women’s sentimental illness caused by isolation. Emily Grierson looses her moral compass, and her trace of reality, her inability to be loved, her desire to be considered as someone important, was never accomplished. The author shows plans of development; using characterization, symbolism, and setting. This is a very symbolic and animatic story. William Faulkner points out his views of empathy towards Emily in the story when he illustratesRead MoreGothic Literature: A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner1267 Words   |  6 Pages William Faulkner’s story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is an example of gothic literature. Faulkner shows sadness for the love that is not returned and a drive that Emily uses to get what she wishes for. He has a gloomy and mysterious tone. One of the themes of the story is that people should let go of their past, move on with the present so that they can focus on welcoming their future. Emily w as the evidence of a person who always lived in the shadow of her past, because she was afraid of changing forRead MoreSymbolism In A Rose For Emily1276 Words   |  6 Pagesobject or a word to represent an abstract idea. Its often used by writers to represent a hidden message or a hint in a story. The short Stories A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner and Everyday Use by Alice Walker are great examples of the use of symbolism. In A Rose for Emily Faulkner uses symbolism to create a Story about a woman called Emily whose life is surrounded by mysteries, especially after the death of her father and the disappearance of her beloved Homer. Falkner uses symbolism to

Marco Polo Free Essays

Summary of Evidence Marco Polo and the Silk Road were two very important contributions towards China’s cultural diffusion. Marco Polo, his father, and his uncle were all Venetian explorers. When Marco was fifteen, the three of them traveled to China and befriended Kublai Khan, Ghengis Khan’s grandson. We will write a custom essay sample on Marco Polo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marco was very influential for more than two centuries. â€Å"Many of the maps of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries were based on his information; even Christopher Columbus owned a Latin translation of the  Travels, into which he wrote notes. â€Å"The Polo’s had planned to stay just two years in China. They stayed 17 years. It is during that period that Marco Polo engaged in his travels through China. This was accomplished, in part, by the relationship he formed with Kublai Khan, who trusted the Marco a lot. Kublai sent him out on many expeditions, including trips to Yunnan and Burma. Their adventures inspired explorers for centuries to come. Their story is unforgettable. † After he left he did not go straight home. He went off to fight for Venice against the city-state of Genoa. He was put in jail for two years. â€Å"It was during this time that he dictated the tales of his travels to a fellow prisoner, a writer from Pisa called Rustichello. The book, known as The Travels of Marco Polo, among other names, became a very important travel book. Christopher Columbus is known to have owned a Latin translation, and wrote his own notes in the margins. There is no known copy of the original version. † The book was split into two different parts. The first part is an actual narrative. The second part was passages describing various places and parts of Asia, particularly portions of the empire of Kublai Khan. â€Å"Although the book achieved great fame and popularity within Polo’s lifetime, many did not believe his account and challenged the truth of his reminiscences. That controversy has continued to the present day, and it is complicated by the fact that nearly one hundred fifty versions of the text exist, but no original copies are extant. However, most modern scholars do believe that Polo accomplished his travels and that his account has much basis in truth. Perhaps its greatest legacy is that it inspired other Europeans to explore beyond the known limits of their experience, contributing to the earliest rumblings of the era of discovery. † â€Å"We see, however, Columbus’s real ambitions breaking out throughout his use of this island myth, based on his readings of Pierre D’Ailly’s  Imago Mundi  or of the  Travels of  Marco Polo. It was necessary to him to find the Indies by a course to the west, across a relatively narrow stream, whose size he had reduced even further, to reach an Asia extending disproportionately into the east. â€Å"Columbus and his companions were inspired, in fourteen ninety two, by hopes of reaching Cipangu and Cathay, and the riches Marco Polo had so enthusiastically described to the Europeans. † Word Count: 491 ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Frank N. Magill and Dayton Kohler, â€Å"Marco Polo,† in  Cyclopedia Of World   Authors, ed. Frank N. Magill (New York: Harper Row, 1958),   http://www. questiaschool. com. [ 2 ]. Fred Stern, â€Å"Marco Polo And The Great Khan’s World,†Ã‚  World And I, Vol. 6, January 2011,  http://www. questiaschool. com. [ 3 ]. â€Å"Late, Great Geographers,†Ã‚  Geographical, November 2000,   http://www. questiaschool. com. [ 4 ]. Nancy Stockdale, â€Å"Marco Polo,†Ã‚  In World History: Ancient and Medieval   Eras:  http://ancienthistory. abc-clio. com. [ 5 ]. Paul Butel,  The Atlantic, trans. Iain Hamilton Grant (London:   Routledge, 1999), http://www. questiaschool. com. [ 6 ]. Paul Butel,  The Atlantic, trans. Iain Hamilton Grant (London:   Routledge, 1999),  http://www. questiaschool. com. How to cite Marco Polo, Essay examples

Environmental Fate and Exposure Economic and Agricultural Growth

Question: Manufacturers suggest that studies on the impact of neonicotinoids on bees is inconclusive and unrealistic in the wild. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Answer: With growing economic and agricultural growth along with different pesticide and other chemical uses increasing with respect to time, it is a rising concerning issue with respect to harm to the environment (Van der Sluijs et al. 2013). It is a known fact that currently, farmers and the agricultural domain of the society is using several pesticides and chemical in order to increase the productivity level. From different scientific studies and data, it is proven that many of this chemical are harmful to the primary balance of the environment and other animals of the ecosystem as well. With respect to the current scenario, the most astonishing fact which is concerned are the critical issue the use of neonicotinoids and different agricultural chemicals and pesticide are harming the bee population of the ecosystem significantly. Scientists are concerned about this particular fact, and there is an enormous number of growing population who are raising voices against the of neonicotinoids (L aycock et al. 2014). As already understood that this aspect is very much serious and adding to this, the manufacturers of such agricultural products who uses neonicotinoids are stating that this particular substance does not harm the bees. As a result, a situation of huge controversy is rising in the global front. To overcome this situation, a broad and detailed study is needed to be carried in order to acquire more knowledge regarding the current context. This will also help to take soma decision regarding the issue as well. As mentioned earlier, it is a known fact that a large amount of scientific consensus believes the fact that the bees that are exposed to neonicotinoids are being harmed in a such a manner that their population is also harming. With respect to this fact, another thing, which is needed to be mentioned, is that there are no significant amount data in the scientific society regarding this claim. Recently, a study carried out in Sweden suggested that the insecticides which are used predominantly overall the world do harm the population of bumblebees (Goulson et al. 2014). Adding to these, they also suggested that these particular insecticides also possessed no harm against the population of honeybees. Figure 1: Overall Framework of Neonicotinoid effecting bees, Source: Godfray et al. 2014 In Figure 1, a complete structure of the chemical such as neonicotinoids and their derivatives affecting honeybees are given. From the figure, it can be said that the entire process is a cycle which affects the honey in a great manner. From this source, it can be said that neonicotinoid is closely related to the EBI fungicides. As a result, when the bee population preys on the floral resources, such chemicals affect them, and different disorders take place. Another thing, which is needed to be mentioned with respect to the current context, is that neonicotinoid are broadly used in the European and American region. It is not predominantly used in the Asian and African nations. With respect to this current fact, it is important to note one thing that a number of bee deaths are less in such continents than the European and the American countries. Many scientists emphasize on this fact that this phenomenon is due to lack of uses of neonicotinoid and their derivatives for the purpose of agricultural purposes. Another aspect is that the manufacturers of such products say that there are several other reasons, such as pollution and other environmental factors affecting this scenario. Some also suggest that this is a just a coincidence, and there is no substantial evidence with respect to this fact (Stanley et al. 2015). It is very important to consider the fact that bees are very important for our ecosystem. They play a vital role in terms of the pollination process regarding many food corps. But according to recent data, it is observed that the event of pollination by bees are decreasing significantly due to the loss of habitat, high use of pesticides and different sorts of diseases as well in the year of 2013. The European Union or EU banned the use of three particular neonicotinoids on the flowering crops for the period of two years. This particular step was taken because of the high-risk factor, which has been posed to the bees. One thing, which should also be noted, is that the United Kingdom Government opposed this ban. The European Food Safety Agency is currently assessing the different pieces of evidence in order to continue the ban on the use of large-scale field trial in the Germany, the United Kingdom and Hungary (Pisa et al. 2015). From the above information, it can be said that it was very important to figure what are the fact and trust about neonicotinoids harming the bee population (Godfray et al. 2014). As a result, to conclude a sound statement it is important to have a broader insight into this particular context. Recently, it is observed that the extent to which neonicotinoids are used in the production of different pesticides are a concerning fact. Until now, there have been more that 400 studies published relating to this particular phenomenon. The most confusing part is that all these 400 studies state information that contradicts each other. As a result, the entire global community is divided on this particular issue or topic. According to Raine and Gill (2015), with respect to the current scientific understanding, insecticides are used to kill insects, bees and many other pollinators. As a result, if insecticides and pesticides are used in the agricultural fields, then these insects also are killed (Raine and Gill, 2015). The main controversy is regarding the fact that at which extent of the concentration level of such products harms the pollinators. The impact of such products varies due to different factors. These factors include types of insecticides, mode of application of such products as well. Currently, the most important aspect is considered regarding the bumblebees and the solitary bees, which have been greatly affected due to the uses of such insecticides and pesticides (Rundlf et al. 2015). Studies also show that several insecticides, which are currently in use in the agricultural field, are considered highly toxic to the honeybees and the bumblebees as well. Neonicotinoids are currently fond of the pollen and the nectar region, which are consumed by the pollinators such as butterflies and bees (Sgolastra et al. 2012). From scientific studies and research, it is a known fact that this substance can be lethal for these species with respect to particular concentration obviously. Another dangerous fact about neonicotinoid is that it can persist in the soil for several months and even for a longer period as well. Broad scientific research shows that these residues can sustain for several years as well and the amount, which is found, are considered very harmful and even lethal (Park et al. 2015). After using insecticides containing neonicotinoids, the plants absorb the neonicotinoids and other harmful residues and chemicals from the previous year as well. As a result, the wh ole process is a continuation and can go for a very longer period of time after stopping the usage as well. Another fact, which is needed to be highlighted, is that there are certain products for the homeowners as well which are used in the garden, ornamental plants and lawns. The substances manufactured for this purposes consists 120 times higher and harmful chemicals than the normal agricultural substances as well. As a result, in such cases, several folds increase the harmful effect. As a result, any scenario affects pollinators and situation where chemicals are used (Nakasu et al. 2014). According to the study carried out by (Godfray et al. 2014), a broad statistical data can be observed in which it is observed that, when neonicotinoid containing pesticides are used, the death rate of bees increases to nearly forty percent. In control environment, the normal death rate is of about nearly twenty percent (Schneider et al. 2012). Therefore, it can be said that the use of pesticides containing neonicotinoids and neonicotinoids derivates almost doubles the death rate of bees in the natural environment. As the result, it can be clearly stated that neonicotinoids have a negative effect on the population of bees. The percentage mentioned above is based on the Queen population of a colony. It is a known fact that the survival of Queen is very crucial in terms of survival of the entire colony. If the queen dies, then the entire colony disbands. As a result, from this aspect it can be said from the data mentioned above, the fact is, when neonicotinoid is used on bees, there is the chance that forty percent of the colonies perish. This is a very concerning fact in terms of stability regarding the eco system as well (Pohorecka et al. 2012). There have been several protest against the manufacturers and users of neonicotinoid containing substances. However, their rivals suggest the manufacturer that these protests are politically motivated and are an act of vendetta. As a result, it can be said that the entire situation is very complex, and a broad study is required in order to clear the concept and confusion regarding this context. Figure 2: Percentage Of Dead Beems After Treating With Neonicotinoids, Source: Brandt et al. 2016 Use of neonicotinoid also affects the event of Queen oviposition as well. The study suggests that uses of pesticides and neonicotinoid reduce the egg production rate of the queen as well. As a result, the population of the entire colony starts to decrease. Another great affect of such chemicals and pesticides is that the rate of successful production from eggs also decreases (Girolami et al. 2012). The percentage of reduction is considered to be nearly about forty in comparison with less than 15 percent in the normal scenario. So this can also be conceded as one of the major negative affects as well. Figure 3: Unsuccessful Oviposition after Treatment with Neonicotinoids, Source: Brandt et al. 2016 In another study carried out by (Brandt et al. 2016), the toxicity level of different neonicotinoid derivatives were calculated. It suggested that most of the common derivatives, which are used currently in the field of agriculture, are toxic to the bees. Figure 4: Toxic concentration of Neonicotinoid Derivatives with respect to bees, Source: Bonmatin et al. 2015 H stands for Highly Toxic' and M stands for Medium or Moderate Level Toxic'. As mentioned in figure 3, that Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam is considered highly toxic to the bees. Whereas, Acetamiprid and Thiacloprid is considered moderate level toxic for the bees. From the statistical data, it is observed that, the There also several authors who have carried out the detailed study regarding this phenomenon. From this study, it can be stated that there are less amount of detailed information but also a presence of significant amount of data that certain derivatives of neonicotinoids affect several species of bees negatively (Di Prisco et al. 2013). But one thing which is also needed to be highlighted with respect to this current fact is that the manufacturers Figure 5: Studies related to harmful effect of neonicotinoid and their conclusion, Source: Bonmatin et al. 2015 From the list mentioned above of studies, it can be concluded that the studies are not so conclusive regarding the harmful effect of such pesticides. Some of the studies are even unable to provide details of harmful effects. As a result, the manufacturers claim regarding the fact that neonicotinoids are not harmful are not cancelled straightway resulting in a broad controversy, which is still going on (Decourtye and Devillers 2010). Recently the EFSA or the European Food Safety Authority has put the ban on the chemical substances ad pesticides containing neonicotinoids. However, one of the largest pesticide manufacturing companies, Syngenta has made its attempt to reverse the action. They stated that the scientific findings are wrong, and it was the injustice to impose the ban on such pesticides. On the 25 June 2014, Syngenta posted an application to the government of the United Kingdom, in order to lift the ban. Another manufacturing giant named Bayers, were also accused of manufacturing products containing nicotinoids, which is not only harming the population of bees but also killing several species of birds as well (Marzaro et al. 2011). A Dutch research suggested this fact in their studies. Bayer argued with this statement and suggested that the study was not convincing, and it failed to establish and demonstrate the casual link between neonicotinoids and the population of bees and birds. They suggested that the decrease in the population of bees and birds are caused due to climate change, and their product has no such relation with such cases as well (Cutler et al. 2014). They also lambasted the authors and researchers who have carried out this particular study and released research information with the help of peer scientists who suggested that neonicotinoids have no harmful effect. However, the name and accountability of these peer scientist are still in question. From this aspect, it can be said that the pesticide manufacturing companies who are engaged in the production of substances containing neonicotinoids not only reject the theory and assumption of neonicotinoids harming the bees but also suggesting that it may be caused due to other substances or the natural events such as climate change and others. One of the major reason behind such excuses can be pointed out as the researchers have been failed to establish a sound study relating to the topic (Laurino et al. 2014). Another thing, which can be mentioned, is that the company or organization is very much influential as well. The companies like Bayers and Syngenta also suggest that many farmers and growers are dependent on such products and the statistical data shows that the production rate of the crops has also increased due to the usage of such products in certain areas and farming fields (Brandt et al. 2016). As a result, the entire community is divided where the agricultural farmers on one side and the bee and honey farmers are on the other side. The manufacturing companies are also at the argument with the environmental activists. As of now, there are some legal issues growing around the fact that whether the neonicotinoid and its derivatives are harmful to the environment especially to the bees. One thing, which is needed to mention, is this case is that there are several countries that have banned this chemical and some countries that are still encouraging the uses of neonicotinoid. With respect to this scenario, it is obvious that the situation is quite confusing and controversial for the general people (Bonmatin et al. 2015). With respect to the above-mentioned information and facts, it can be concluded that there is some evidence in the scientific society, but it is also important to mention that the evidence is not quite detailed as well. As a result, there is an area of grey, where none of the both sides are convincing (Laycock et al. 2012). Adding to this it is important that the focus is on the high amount of death rates of the bees. This is a very concerning fact as it is harming the eco system and the honey industry greatly. Due to such events, there is also a dispute among the agricultural farm and the bee farmers as the business of the honey industry is affected negatively. The major prospects, which can be recommended with respect to this current fact it, can be said that there is a huge need of a proper and acceptable study relating to the harmful effects of neonicotinoid on bees. Apart from this, there is no such way that this argument and controversy can be ended as both sides are reluctant t owards compromising (Goulson 2013). Another aspect, which is needed to be highlighted, is that the phenomenon with respect to current scenario is that, the honey industry is facing a lot of losses due to bee deaths. Some of the scientific studies are suggesting that neonicotinoid is responsible for this phenomenon, and it should be banned promptly. However, due to the substantial amount of research materials and evidence, not all countries are accepting this theory. Some countries have imposed a ban. Many countries are still entertaining the uses of neonicotinoid. As a result, there is always a possibility that it is continuously harming the environment, honey industry and the eco system as well (Laurino et al. 2011). As the growing environmental activists forum are becoming angry with the current scenario, it can be concluded that the current scenario is very much complex, and the government authorities should take proper steps to overcome this situation along with diminishing the controversy as well (Thompson 2013). If it is found that neonicotinoid and its different derivatives are affecting the bees, then the use of such substances should be banned, and this should be accepted by all the pesticide companies and countries as well. From this aspect, the unity among the global community with respect to this current scenario is considered very much important. References Bonmatin, J.M., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., Long, E., Marzaro, M., Mitchell, E.A.D. and Noome, D.A., 2015. Environmental fate and exposure; neonicotinoids and fipronil.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(1), pp.35-67. Brandt, A., Gorenflo, A., Siede, R., Meixner, M. and Bchler, R., 2016. The Neonicotinoids Thiacloprid, Imidacloprid, and Clothianidin affect the Immunocompetence of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.).Journal of Insect Physiology. Cutler, G.C., Scott Dupree, C.D. and Drexler, D.M., 2014. Honey bees, neonicotinoids and bee incident reports: the Canadian situation.Pest management science,70(5), pp.779-783. Decourtye, A. and Devillers, J., 2010. Ecotoxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides to bees. InInsect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(pp. 85-95). Springer New York. Di Prisco, G., Cavaliere, V., Annoscia, D., Varricchio, P., Caprio, E., Nazzi, F., Gargiulo, G. and Pennacchio, F., 2013. Neonicotinoid clothianidin adversely affects insect immunity and promotes replication of a viral pathogen in honey bees.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,110(46), pp.18466-18471. Girolami, V., Marzaro, M., Vivan, L., Mazzon, L., Greatti, M., Giorio, C., Marton, D. and Tapparo, A., 2012. Fatal powdering of bees in flight with particulates of neonicotinoids seed coating and humidity implication.Journal of Applied Entomology,136(1 2), pp.17-26. Godfray, H.C.J., Blacquiere, T., Field, L.M., Hails, R.S., Petrokofsky, G., Potts, S.G., Raine, N.E., Vanbergen, A.J. and McLean, A.R., 2014. A restatement of the natural science evidence base concerning neonicotinoid insecticides and insect pollinators.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences,281(1786), p.20140558. Goulson, D., 2013. Review: An overview of the environmental risks posed by neonicotinoid insecticides.Journal of Applied Ecology,50(4), pp.977-987. Goulson, D., Nicholls, E., Botas, C. and Rotheray, E.L., 2015. Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers.Science,347(6229), p.1255957. Laurino, D., Porporato, M., Patetta, A. and Manino, A., 2011. Toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides to honey bees: laboratory tests.Bull Insectol,64(1), pp.107-113. Laycock, I., Cotterell, K.C., OShea-Wheller, T.A. and Cresswell, J.E., 2014. Effects of the neonicotinoid pesticide thiamethoxam at field-realistic levels on microcolonies of Bombus terrestris worker bumble bees.Ecotoxicology and environmental safety,100, pp.153-158. Laycock, I., Lenthall, K.M., Barratt, A.T. and Cresswell, J.E., 2012. Effects of imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid pesticide, on reproduction in worker bumble bees (Bombus terrestris).Ecotoxicology,21(7), pp.1937-1945. Marzaro, M., Vivan, L., Targa, A., Mazzon, L., Mori, N., Greatti, M., Petrucco Toffolo, E., Di Bernardo, A., Giorio, C., Marton, D. and Tapparo, A., 2011. Lethal aerial powdering of honey bees with neonicotinoids from fragments of maize seed coat.Bulletin of Insectology,64(1), pp.119-126. Nakasu, E.Y., Williamson, S.M., Edwards, M.G., Fitches, E.C., Gatehouse, J.A., Wright, G.A. and Gatehouse, A.M., 2014. Novel biopesticide based on a spider venom peptide shows no adverse effects on honeybees.Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences,281(1787), p.20140619. Park, M.G., Blitzer, E.J., Gibbs, J., Losey, J.E. and Danforth, B.N., 2015, June. Negative effects of pesticides on wild bee communities can be buffered by landscape context. InProc. R. Soc. B(Vol. 282, No. 1809, p. 20150299). The Royal Society. Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., McField, M. and Morrissey, C.A., 2015. Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22(1), pp.68-102. Pohorecka, K., Skubida, P., Miszczak, A., Semkiw, P., Sikorski, P., Zagibajo, K., Teper, D., Kotowski, Z., Skubida, M., Zdaska, D. and Bober, A., 2012. Residues of neonicotinoid insecticides in bee collected plant materials from oilseed rape crops and their effect on bee colonies.Journal of Apicultural Science,56(2), pp.115-134. Raine, N.E. and Gill, R.J., 2015. Ecology: Tasteless pesticides affect bees in the field.Nature. Rundlf, M., Andersson, G.K., Bommarco, R., Fries, I., Hederstrm, V., Herbertsson, L., Jonsson, O., Klatt, B.K., Pedersen, T.R., Yourstone, J. and Smith, H.G., 2015. Seed coating with a neonicotinoid insecticide negatively affects wild bees.Nature,521(7550), pp.77-80. Schneider, C.W., Tautz, J., Grnewald, B. and Fuchs, S., 2012. RFID tracking of sublethal effects of two neonicotinoid insecticides on the foraging behavior of Apis mellifera.PloS one,7(1), p.e30023. Sgolastra, F., Renzi, T., Draghetti, S., Medrzycki, P., Lodesani, M., Maini, S. and Porrini, C., 2012. Effects of neonicotinoid dust from maize seed-dressing on honey bees.Bulletin of Insectology,65(2), pp.273-280. Stanley, D.A., Garratt, M.P., Wickens, J.B., Wickens, V.J., Potts, S.G. and Raine, N.E., 2015. Neonicotinoid pesticide exposure impairs crop pollination services provided by bumblebees.Nature. Thompson, H.M., 2003. Behavioural effects of pesticides in beestheir potential for use in risk assessment.Ecotoxicology,12(1-4), pp.317-330. Van der Sluijs, J.P., Simon-Delso, N., Goulson, D., Maxim, L., Bonmatin, J.M. and Belzunces, L.P., 2013. Neonicotinoids, bee disorders and the sustainability of pollinator services.Current opinion in environmental sustainability,5(3), pp.293-305.